Research Linking Primitive Reflexes & Physical Development to Learning and Behaviour

Research

We have grouped the research into 5 key areas of interest. If you would like a full detailed list please download the PDF.

If you have any questions about the research then please just get in touch, we are always happy to help.

  • (Older studies that established the connection between primitive reflexes and learning difficulties)

    • Parmenter C (1975) – The asymmetric tonic neck reflex in normal first and third-grade children.

    • Rider B (1976) – Relationship of postural reflexes to learning disabilities.

    • Bender M (1976) – Bender Purdue reflex test and training manual.

    • Blythe P (1978) – Minimal brain dysfunction and the treatment of psychoneuroses.

    • Goddard Blythe SA (2001) – Neurological Dysfunction as a Significant Factor in Children Diagnosed with Dyslexia.

    • Goddard Blythe SA (2011) – Neuromotor maturity as an indicator of developmental readiness for education.

    • Zielińska M, Goddard Blythe SA (2021) – School functioning of students with neuromotor immaturity.

    • McPhillips M, Hepper P, Mulhern G (2000) – Effects of replicating primary reflex movements on specific reading difficulties in children (Randomised Controlled Trial).

    • Goddard Blythe SA (2005) – Releasing educational potential through movement (Studies using the INPP Test Battery & Developmental Exercise Programme).

    • Goddard Blythe SA, Duncombe R, Preedy P, Gorely T (2021) – Primitive reflex status of young children at the start and end of their first year at school.

    • Taylor M, Houghton S, Chapman E (2004) – Primitive reflexes and Attention Deficit Disorder: developmental origins of classroom dysfunction.

    • King KL, Scahill CJ (2011) – Combining physical activity with classroom lessons results in improved test scores.

    • Singh A et al. (2012) – Systematic review: Physical activity and performance at school.

    • The Correlation between Residual Primitive Reflexes and Clock Reading Difficulties in School-Aged Children (2023).

    • Domingo_Sanz VA (2023) – Inhibition of Primitive Reflexes and Its Relationship with Visual Projection in Children and Adolescents.